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The Nine Temperaments

Temperament is a quality that results from the interaction of opposing qualities present in the elements.

There are four elements: water, earth, air, and fire.

  • Water — cold and wet.

  • Air — hot and wet.

  • Earth — cold and dry.

  • Fire — hot and dry.

When these elements come together and mix with one another, their qualities of hotness and coldness either become moderate, or one quality overcomes another.

Thus, we describe a temperament as:

  • Hot and wet

  • Cold and wet

  • Hot and dry

  • Cold and dry

This is the meaning of temperament: a quality that results from the interaction of opposing qualities—hot versus cold, and wet versus dry—which are present in the four elements.

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The prophets have temperaments that are moderate in terms of hotness, coldness, wetness, and dryness

 

The Nine Temperaments

  • Moderate — moderate in terms of heat, coldness, wetness, and dryness.

  • Hot

  • Cold

  • Wet

  • Dry

  • Hot and wet

  • Cold and wet

  • Hot and dry

  • Cold and dry

People have these temperaments: some are moderate, while others deviate from moderation through hotness, coldness, wetness, or dryness, or they may have a hot and wet, cold and wet, hot and dry, or cold and dry temperament.

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